Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungals.

Cyclophosphamide metabolism is affected by azole antifungals.

We performed a randomized trial to compare the safety and efficacy of itraconazole with fluconazole in preventing fungal infections in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Itraconazole (intravenous 200 mg daily, or oral solution 2.5 mg/kg 3 times daily) and fluconazole (intravenous or oral, 400 mg daily) were administered with the start of conditioning therapy, until ...

Mechanisms of azole resistance in petite mutants of Candida glabrata.

We previously showed that resistant colonies of Candida glabrata inside the azole inhibition zones had respiratory deficiency due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms of azole resistance in petite mutants of C. glabrata obtained by exposure to fluconazole or induced by ethidium bromide. The respiratory deficiency of these mutants was confirmed by oxygraphy and flo...

Azole Antifungal Drug Cross-Resistance: Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Clinical Significance

Selected mechanisms of molecular resistance of Candida albicans to azole drugs.

A phenomenon of increasing resistance of Candida spp. to azoles has been observed for several years now. One of the mechanisms of lack of sensitivity to azoles is associated with CDR1, CDR2, MRD1 genes (their products are active transport pumps conditioning drug efflux from pathogen's cell), and ERG11 gene (encoding lanosterol 14α-demethylase). Test material was 120 strains of Candida albicans ...

Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development of clinically significant azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus

Infections caused by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are a significant clinical issue and represent the second most-common form of fungal infection. Azole drugs are effective against this pathogen but resistant isolates are being found more frequently. Infections associated with azole resistant A. fumigatus have a significantly increased mortality making understanding drug resistan...